Trump’s decision this week to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal is a global tragedy likely to unsettle an already volatile Middle East and a world in some disarray.

Trump has pulled out of the deal not because it was flawed, but because it was working as intended and this posed an insurmountable obstacle to potential military strikes on Iran. As a consequence, Trump’s decision will worsen relations with Europe, destabilise the Middle East, complicate negotiations to reverse North Korea’s nuclearisation and damage the global nuclear order.

Explanations for Trump’s Decision

There are two ‘structural’ explanations and a host of personal reasons for Trump pulling out. Most importantly, the neoconservative hawks, back in charge of US foreign policy, are determined to follow the Washington playbook of militarised responses to foreign crises. They believe in using US power to remake the world in their image, disdain arms control treaties, view the need for allies as evidence of US military weakness not diplomatic strength and want to eliminate regimes not weapons. To dedicated ideologues, multiple past failures do not prove the policy’s inherent flaw, merely that it wasn’t fully implemented. Thus national security adviser John Bolton is an unrepentant cheerleader for the 2003 Iraq war.

He is also a good exemplar of a second structural explanation. As long as the deal stood, the option of a military strike on Iran was off the table. This too is reminiscent of Iraq, when the UN inspectors could not be given time to complete their job because certifying Iraq to be free of Weapons of Mass Destruction would have removed the excuse for invasion. The first director-general of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was the Brazilian diplomat José Bustani. In 2002, he tried to convince Iraq to sign the Chemical Weapons Convention so the OPCW could certify it was free of chemical weapons.

As Bustani confirmed a decade later, the US forced his ouster because his effort to place OPCW inspectors in Iraq to certify the absence of chemical weapons would have obstructed the US determination to eliminate Saddam Hussein. The International Labour Organisation tribunal subsequently held Bustani’s removal to have been ‘unlawful’. The campaign against him was orchestrated by John Bolton, then the US undersecretary of state for arms control and international security. At a tense meeting in his office at The Hague in March 2002, Bustani was told by Bolton: ‘You have 24 hours to leave the organisation, and if you don’t comply with this decision by Washington, we have ways to retaliate against you’. Pause. ‘We know where your kids live’.

On the personal front, Trump has a neuralgic hostility to Iran, loathes any signature Obama policy, is seduced by Saudi Arabia flattery, is bosom buddies with the hardline Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu and has inducted fellow-Iran hawks Bolton and Mike Pompeo into his inner circles of top advisers.

Consequences of Withdrawal

Iran’s pathway to the bomb will be easier and faster with the deal mothballed. The deal had successfully shrink-wrapped Tehran’s nuclear weapon ambitions, completely closed off the plutonium pathway to the bomb, severely curtailed the enriched uranium pathway, reduced its medium-enriched uranium stockpile by 98%, restricted future uranium stocks to non-weapon-grade enrichment level and imposed a robust transparency, inspection and consequences regime to ensure compliance. Should Iran resume its journey to the bomb, others in the region could follow suit and create a ‘polynuclear’ Middle East.

In recent days France, Germany and the UK had insisted that the Iran deal was robust and working and the US should comply with its provisions while Iran was doing so. Five hundred MPs from France, Germany and the UK issued an urgent appeal to the US Congress to stay in the deal.  On 8 May, literally on the eve of Trump’s decision, more than 100 former senior European leaders issued an appeal to Trump not to abandon the deal. Relations with Europe, ‘already shaken’, they said, ‘would be further damaged by a US failure to meet its commitments… when the Iranians are meeting theirs. Failure to waive US nuclear sanctions on Iran would put the United States in material breach of an agreement that has been endorsed by the international community through the UN Security Council and that is important to the security of Europe’.

Iran has made it clear that its commitment to the nuclear deal is contingent on the promised sanctions relief materialising. For this to be possible after Trump’s decision, Europe will have to confront the US in a damaging trans-Atlantic trade war by insulating European companies engaged in commerce with Iran from secondary US sanctions. The US has past form in asserting extraterritorial jurisdiction of its laws and regulations over non-US companies breaching unilateral US sanctions.

There has also been renewed speculation about Israel and Iran preparing for a military showdown in the contest for political primacy in the region. One potential battleground is Syria. Lebanon, where the pro-Iranian Hezbollah recently won local elections, is another. Trump may have signed up the US to a war option championed by Netanyahu against the professional judgment of the Israeli security establishment.

Unilaterally abrogating a multilaterally negotiated and painstakingly crafted deal cannot but be intensely damaging to US credibility as a country that honours international agreements. This will affect calculations of all other parties in the ongoing efforts to solve the nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula. Obama noted the absurdity that walking away ‘risks losing a deal that accomplishes–with Iran–the very outcome that we are pursuing with the North Koreans’. A Russian official said Trump’s decision calls into doubt the Korean peace process.

Putting these consequences together – along with the Paris Pact on climate, Trans-Pacific Partnership and NAFTA on trade – the Trump administration is emerging as the biggest threat to nuclear peace and world order as it prioritises ‘might is right’ as the organising principle of US foreign policy. Daryl Kimball, executive director of the independent Arms Control Association in Washington, attacked Trump’s decision to abrogate the Iran deal as ‘an irresponsible act of foreign policy malpractice’.

Make America Grate, indeed.

This was originally written for the Nuclear Threat Monitor.

Image: PRWatch.org, Gage Skidmore.