The International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament is a joint initiative of the Australian and Japanese Governments. It aims to reinvigorate international efforts on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, in the context of both the 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, and beyond.

Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd proposed the Commission on the 9 June 2008, in Kyoto, to be co-chaired by former Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans. On 9 July, Prime Minister Rudd and Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda agreed to establish the Commission and announced that former Japanese Foreign Minister Yoriko Kawaguchi would co-chair the Commission.

On 13 February 2009, Gareth Evans and co-chair Yoriko Kawaguchi visited Washington D.C. to present the ICNND report to the then Vice President, Joe Biden, at the White House.